It is essential to enter the phenotype or genotype when recording mutant stocks and various experimental animals. #GREENBOOKS BOOKKEEPING CODE#When this system is used, a modified numbering or code system is used for identification. Some systems employ a ledger for each stock and assign each mating a double-page space for all information concerning offspring of that mating. Therefore one can see at a glance, by study of the ledger, the disposition of any particular litter. The record for a subsequent litter begins on the next line. At the beginning of the record for a litter the ancestry, generation, parentage, and birth date of the litter are recorded, a line is drawn across the page under the notations for the last animal in the litter. Strain or genotype of dam and sire (if single master ledger)Ī line of the ledger is used for each individual in the litter.Dam and sire (dam number always given first).The sequence number assigned to the mouse.The ledger includes the following information: A ledger may be used for each strain or mutant stock or, in small colonies, for all animals of several stocks. Ledgers are usually bookkeeping ledgers or spiral-bound notebooks. Each of the other methods is more permanent. Painting has been used to identify mice of albino strains but this practice is not recommended. This is useful not only to distinguish them from all other litters or animals in adulthood, but also to distinguish treated from untreated members of the same litter. Tail clipping is often used to mark animals treated in some way shortly after birth. It is more common to clip toes of animals at birth to signify classification of some condition such as a transitory anemia that will be unrecognizable at the time of weaning. Toe clipping is also a successful means of identification but is not in very widespread use. The center hole is used primarily so that each ear will be punched whether the number is 07 or 70. In some cases a hole punched in the center of the ear may be used to denote zero. The animals are marked with an ear punch according to the code shown in Figure 3-2. Note that 100, 200, and so forth are omitted, since such numbers would mean unmarked animals in the usual ear-marking system. Thereafter the numbers are 101 to 199, 201 to 299, and so forth. #GREENBOOKS BOOKKEEPING SERIES#A continuous number series may be entered in a ledger beginning with 01 (or 0001 or 0101 if a punched card system is to be used) and continuing to 99. The first essential for a record-keeping system is a source of sequence numbers which may be a continuous series, a code, or an evolving-number system. The first two components are essential in building pedigree charts the latter two provide efficient tools for managing colonies. In this chapter we shall review the basic components of the systems, including ledgers, pedigree or record cards, pedigree charts, cage tags, and card files ( Figure 3-1). Any investigator who wishes to start keeping records on a colony may study the various systems, decide what sorts of information he wishes, what is essential for accurate maintenance of an inbred line and for various types of experimental colonies, and what will be most efficient and least cumbersome. Many systems have been devised for use with colonies of mice ( Dickie, 1963 Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962). The pedigrees of these strains are valuable not only for their length but also for their extensive history of the strains and sublines of the strains in the intervening decades.Ī record-keeping system for inbred lines and various experimental colonies must enable the investigator to trace the collateral relatives, ancestors, and progeny of any animal with ease. The C57 strains owe their origin to the record of matings of two mice at Cold Spring Harbor in 1921 ( Chapter 1). The genealogy, family tree, or pedigree of the DBA strains traces back to 1909. This program was launched in 2015 in response to many requests from local groups who needed help with their finances!Īnd more to small shop environmental organizations.Ī small-shop ENGO is a nonprofit or charity with up to $500,000 in annual revenue.The history of record keeping in mouse colonies is, in part, the history of the development of inbred strains of mice. #GREENBOOKS BOOKKEEPING FULL#GreenBooks is a full service bookkeeping social enterprise offered by Sustainable Eastern Ontario.
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